Unit V and VI: Intelligence

Intelligence:

Intelligence- the ability to learn from experience solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Is socially constructed thus can be culturally specific.

Is intelligence one thing it several different abilities? To find out scientist use factor analysis: a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.

Charles Spearman used FA to discovery his g or (general intelligence)

Multiple Intelligence: Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearmans g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligence. He came up with the idea by studying savants ( a condition where a person has limited mental ability but I'd exceptional in one area.

Gardeners Multiple Intelligence: visual/ spatial, verbal and linguistic, logical/mathematical, bodily/ kinesthetically, musical/rhythmic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, natural.

Sternbergs three aspects of Intelligence: Gardner simplified:

Analytical: academic problem solving

Creative: generating novel ideas

Practical: required for everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist.

Emotional Intelligence: first called social intelligence. The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor for future success than IQ.

Brain Size and Intelligence: is there a link?: small +.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores(relative to body size) using an MRI we found +.44 correlation with brain size and IQ score.

Brian Function And Intelligence: higher performing brains use less active than lower performing brains( use less glucose). Neurological speed is also a bit quicker.

How do we asses intelligence?: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out a concept called a mental age (what a person of a particular age should know) they discovered that by discovering someone's mental age they can predict future performance. Hoped they could use test to help children not label them.

Terman and his IQ test: IQ=mental age/chronological age x 100.

Modern Tests of mental abilities: Wechasler adult intelligence scale(WAIS): consists of 11 subtests and cues us on UK strengths by using factor analysis.

Aptitude vs achievement tests: aptitude a test designed to predict a persons future performance. The ability for that person to learn

Achievement: a test designed to asses what a person has learned.

How do we construct intelligence tests? Tests must be - standardized -reliable - valid

Standardization; the test must be protested to a representative sample of people and form a normal distribution or bell curve. Flynn Effect: intelligence test performance has Been rising.

Reliability: the extent which a test yields consistent results over time . Spilt halves it test retest method.

Validity: the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Content validity: does the tests sample a behavior of interest. Predictive Validity: does the test predict future behavior.

Group Differences in intelligence test scores: the bell curve is different for whites and blacks. Why? Nature vs Nurture

Test Bias: tests do discriminate but some argue that there sole purpose is to discriminate. We have to look at the type of discrimination.